The book Lughat-e Furs, authored by Abū Manṣūr Ali ibn Aḥmad Asadī Ṭūsī and edited by the late Abbas Iqbal, was published in 1940. As stated in the book's introduction, this edition was critically edited based on three manuscripts and one printed edition, which was published by the German orientalist Paul Horn in 1898. The following note provides a review of some of the words in this book, utilizing texts from ancient and old Persian literature.

The book Lughat-i Furs, authored by Abū Manṣūr ‛Alī b. Aḥmad Asadī Ṭūsī, was edited and annotated by Fathullah Mojtabai and Ali-Ashraf Sadeghi and published in 1986 (1365 Sh.) by Khwarazmi Publications. As noted in the book’s introduction, this edition is based on the manuscript of Punjab University (Lahore), collated with ten other manuscripts as detailed in the preface. The present note offers a brief examination of some of the words in this work, drawing on early and classical Persian texts.

Purpose: To explore the risk factors and predictive factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for upper urinary tract stones. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent fURS from January 2014 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, which were divided into the SIRS group and non-SIRS group. Clinical data of all patients, including gender, age, American society of anesthesia score, diabetes, etc., were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors for SIRS after fURS, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to verify the validity of the results. In addition, patients from October 2019 to January 2020 were prospectively collected to verify the results. Results: A total of 369 patients were retrospectively included. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in postoperative stone residuals (P = 0. 039), preoperative neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P < 0. 001), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (P = 0. 001) between two groups. Further, preoperative NLR and postoperative stone residuals were independent according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. The optimal cut-off value of preoperative NLR by ROC curve was 2. 61, and the area under ROC curve was 77. 9%. Prospective analysis based on 53 patients showed that the incidence of SIRS in patients with NLR > 2. 61 was significantly higher than that in other patients. (RR = 4. 932, P = 0. 040). Conclusion: Preoperative NLR can be used as a predictive factor for SIRS in patients with fURS according to our study. It may provide an evidence for clinicians to make preoperative decisions or medical plans.

Purpose: To examine the outcomes and compare the effectiveness of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) in patients with proximal ureteral stones larger than 10 mm in diameter.Materials and Methods: In total, 150 patients who underwent laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and FURS because of ureteral stones in our urology clinic from January 2010 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 70 patients who underwent laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (Group 1) and 80 patients who underwent FURS (Group 2). Success rates and complications were compared.Results: The success rates were 95.7% and 90.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. No statistically or clinically significant complications occurred in either group.Conclusion: Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and FURS are both effective and reliable for the treatment of proximal ureteral stones. However, considering the shorter operation and hospitalization times and the management of situations that require secondary interventions, we suggest that FURS, as a minimally invasive method, may be the first choice in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones.

Ghurar al-Siyar as a general history has been written in the early fifth century, and since its compilation, an argument formed about the author name and identity. The source of the different ideas was in the different spelling and diacritics of the title of the book as well as the name of author in its remaining manuscripts and also in the works of the biographers. Ghurar al-Siyar has been named as Ghurar Akhbar Muluk wa- Siyarihim, al- Ghurar Fi Siyar Muluk wa- Akhbarihim, Ghurar Akhbar Mulūk al- Furs wa Siyarihim, Tarikh Ghurar al-Siyar, Ghurar wa Siyar al Muluk, Ghurar wa Siyar. Among these names, two names Tarikh Ghurar al Siyar and Ghurar Akhbar Muluk al- Furs wa Siyarihim are more popular as the original names of the book. In addition to ambiguity in the name of the book, there are doubts about the book’s author, as his name has been recorded as AbuMansur al Husiyn ibn Muhammad al-Mar'ashi(al-Tha'alibi), AbuMansur Husiyn ibn Muhammad al- Marghani al-Tha'alibi, Husiyn ibn Muhammad al-Marghani and AbuMansur 'Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Tha'alibi al- Niyshabouri Among those names, most researchers agreed with Husiyn ibn Muhammad al-Marghani and AbuMansur 'Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Tha'alibi al- Niyshabouri This article aims to analyze the names that mentioned for Ghurar al-Siyar, and determined the real name of the book. Then, identity of the real author of the book has been specified by the study on the disputes on the identity of the author of Ghurar al-Siyar.

The safe intrarenal pressures to avoid endourological procedure complications are different in various surgeries, but the most cited pressure in the literature is lower than 30cm H2O. In semi-rigid ureteroscopic procedures use of a smaller-size ureteroscope with continuous flow and avoiding of manual pressure system is recommended. In RIRS surgery with a suction system, larger UAS, and smaller size fURS are recommended. During the miniaturized PCNL approach use of the suction system is strongly recommended. The use of intraluminal drug administration to relax the ureteral muscle is controversial but may be beneficial. According to the shreds of evidence, the IRP and its obvious relation to postoperative complications should be considered an important factor in daily endourology practice.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the flexible vacuum-assisted ureteral access sheath (FV-UAS) combined with disposable flexible ureteroscope (FURS) versus tubeless-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (T-PCNL) in the treatment of renal calculi with a diameter of 2–3 cm. Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis included 270 patients with renal calculi with a maximum diameter of 2–3 cm treated between January 2022 and July 2024. Of these, 146 cases were treated with single-use ureteroscopic lithotripsy through an FV-UAS, while 124 cases were treated by tubeless PCNL (T-PCNL group) through a 16F Amplatz sheath. Perioperative indicators and postoperative stone-free rates (SFRs) were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the stone-free rates (SFRs) between the two surgical methods. Using the criterion of a residual kidney stone diameter less than 4 mm, the SFRs at 3 days postoperatively were compared between the two groups: 95% confidence interval (CI), 0. 56–2. 28,odds ratio (OR) = 1. 13,P =. 724. The SFRs at 1 month postoperatively were: 95% CI, 0. 417–2. 60,OR = 1. 041,P =. 931. Using the criterion of a residual kidney stone diameter less than 2 mm, the SFRs at 3 days postoperatively were: 95% CI, 0. 355–1. 055,OR = 0. 612,P =. 076,the SFRs at 1 month postoperatively were: 95% CI, 0. 374–1. 320,OR = 0. 703,P =. 271. There was no significant difference in the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the need for postoperative analgesia between the two groups (P =. 813 and P =. 839, respectively). The surgical duration in the FV-UAS group was significantly longer (P <. 001). The decrease in postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hospital stay in the FV-UAS group were significantly lower than those in the T-PCNL group (both P <. 001). Conclusion: For treating 2–3 cm renal calculi, both FV-UAS with disposable ureteroscope and 16F tubeless PCNL yield high stone-free rates. FV-UAS–assisted FURS reduces bleeding and hospital stay, whereas 16F tubeless PCNL shortens surgery duration.

“Khodaynameh is one of the outstanding works in Persian literature. It is written in Pahlavi language and deals with the mythic- narrative history of the ancient Persia. Unfortunately nothing has survived in the original language. Khodaynameh can be regarded as a literary genre which holds various narratives (dehqani, mobadi and pahlavani) in it. This book in the second century Hijri was translated into Arabic by Abdullah ibn -Muquaffa entitled Syrolmuluk fragments of which remained in some Arabic texts. Recognition and reconstruction of these narratives makes the dream of reaching Syrolmuluk and consequent work Khodaynameh come true to some extent. This essay deals with this approach profiting from Arabic texts particularly Nihayat al-arab fi akhbar al - furs wa-l-Arab which holds a major part of Syrolmuluk in the time span from the reign of Ghoshtasp till the reign of Khosrow Parviz.